Technical guidance on agricultural management

Notice of Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Technical Guidance for Spring Orchard Production and Management in the Province

On the issuance of 2023 the province's spring orchard production and management of technical guidance notice

Lu agricultural technology crop two words [2023] No. 2

Each city agricultural technology promotion (agricultural technology promotion services, digital agriculture rural development, agricultural agricultural machinery technology promotion, comprehensive agricultural services, agricultural rural affairs services, agricultural technology services, agricultural technology promotion and seed industry) center:

In order to seize the agricultural time, effectively strengthen the comprehensive management of orchards in the spring, I center developed the "2023 province's spring orchard production and management technology guidance", is issued to you, please combine with the actual production, seriously refer to the implementation.

Shandong Province Agricultural Technology Extension Center    

February 9, 2023          

2023 province's spring orchard production and management technology guide opinions

Fruit production should be in accordance with the "stable yield, improve quality, increase efficiency, sustainable" principle, increase the promotion and application of the key core technology of light, simple and efficient, and effectively strengthen the integrated management of the orchard in the spring, to protect the market supply, improve the income of fruit farmers to lay a good foundation.

1. Pruning and clearing

1.1 Timely pruning.

Dormant pruning is to regulate tree potential, control production capacity and adjust the optimization of the orchard group structure of the important means, it is appropriate to complete before budding, including grapes, kiwifruit, etc. must be completed before the flow of sap pruning. Thin out the strong branches, dense branches, opposite branches and weak branches that disturb the shape of the tree and affect light transmission and orchard operation. Tree strength strong tree pruning to "thinning" as the main, appropriate to increase the number of fruiting branches and buds retained; tree strength weak appropriate more short cuts, reduce the number of fruiting branches and buds retained; depressed orchard should be planned tree shape transformation, open the light path and operation channel, each year, thinning out 1 ~ 2 large branches, wounds coated with a healing agent to protect.

Modern dwarf anvil intensive apple orchard, in accordance with the high spindle and other tree shapes for plastic pruning, young trees should do a good job to support the center stem, promote the middle stem buds sprouting, remove competing branches and the middle stem 70cm below the lateral branches, etc., on the thickness of more than the bearing part of the middle stem thickness of 1/2 ~ 1/3 of the lateral branches "to stay pegs" thinning; the annual branch lateral branch pulling Angle to 110 degrees or so; 5 years old or more trees, the timely removal of lateral branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm, the trunk to reach a height of 3.5 meters or so, through the head (non-head) to control the height of the tree, while removing the trunk of the overcrowding of lateral branches, the length of the lateral branches to control the length of 40cm ~ 90cm.

1.2 Timely garden clearing.

Scrape off the dead skin on the branches and trunks, warped skin, thick skin and disease spots, etc., together with pruning down the branches and dead leaves and pests and fruits, etc., timely clean up out of the orchard, buried or crushed fermentation and other harmless treatment.

2. Orchard fertilization

2.1 Apply enough organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer for fruit tree growth and results in supplemental nutrients and improve the physical and chemical properties of the orchard soil double role, the best time to apply is in the late varieties of harvest, defoliation before the September ~ October, during this period of time did not have time to apply organic fertilizers to the orchard in the fruit tree buds before the completion of the urgency. Fertilizer method to maintain continuity with the previous year, pay attention to centralized application and annual change of fertilizer location. It is recommended that the outer edge of the vertical projection of the tree crown ditch or dig a hole into the application, the depth of the ditch (hole) and the concentration of the root distribution layer is consistent, generally between 20cm ~ 40cm, the width (size) can be consistent with the amount of fertilizer, fertilizer is more than wide fertilizer should be less narrow. Organic fertilizer can choose commercial organic fertilizer, biofungi fertilizer, you can also choose fully rotted manure, soybean cake, crop residues and animal manure mixed fermented homemade organic fertilizer. Fertilizer before flowering depending on the soil moisture timely watering once.

BlueAlga is a professional manufacturer of algae-derived biostimulants, and has developed more than 30 kinds of biostimulant products, all of which are suitable for the development of organic products for green agriculture.

"A year's plan lies in spring, fruit tree growth all depends on the roots!" We all know that March, June, September is the fruit tree three times the peak of root growth, June, September all the roots born in March on the basis of the root growth, March root is the foundation of the whole year's root growth, so the early spring rooting work is the top priority! Early spring rooting should not be missed.

For early spring rooting, we recommend Seaweed Extract.

The main effects of seaweed extract:

√ Nutrient-rich, high content of active ingredients needed for plant growth and development;

 √ Stimulates the sprouting of new roots, promotes the growth of the root system, strengthens the root mass, and lays a good foundation for plant growth;

 √ Increase leaf area, expand photosynthesis, promote fruit expansion, coloring, and increase sugar content;

 √ Promote leaf bud and flower bud differentiation, improve pollination and fruit set rate, and increase yield;

 √ Enhance the crop's resistance to pests and diseases, drought, frost and flooding.

2.2 Fertilizing in time. Autumn did not carry out soil fertilizer orchard, this time should be combined with organic fertilizer into the soil fertilizer. Fertilizer types and quantities based on tree types, soil base fertility, tree age and the previous year's yield situation and other comprehensive determination. Young fruit trees and weak tree senescence tree appropriate increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, fruit trees appropriate increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the first fruit trees to pay more attention to the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is recommended that the application of nutrients comprehensive, including trace elements of the special compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer, coating slow-release fertilizer, bag control slow-release fertilizer and other new fertilizers.　

2.3  Spray dry branches. After the sap flow, before germination, combined with clearing the whole garden spray cloth 3% to 5% urea solution, or 2% to 3% urea + 2% to 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture of 2 to 3 times, rapid replenishment of the early budding and flowering of the nutrients needed to promote the development of flower organs, enhance the tree's frost resistance.

2.4  Before and after flowering supplemental fertilizer. There are water-fertilizer integration facilities or conditions are available in the orchard, before and after the flower can be a fertilizer. Pre-flowering to fast-acting nitrogen-based fertilizer to meet the tree's blossoming demand for nutrients to improve the quality of flower buds and fruiting rate; post-flowering to fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus-based fertilizer, supplemented by an appropriate amount of potash to meet the rapid growth of young fruits and new growth on the demand for nutrients to reduce the physiological fruit drop.

Fertilizer, supplemental fertilizer stage, can be used with seaweed polysaccharide or alginate oligosaccharide and other products.

Promote the absorption, transformation and utilization of fertilizers by plants, accelerate and improve the effect of products, so that plants can better absorb nutrients; it can also repair heavy metal polluted soil, targeting soil-borne diseases; the root system synthesizes disease-resistant substances, inhibit the formation of bacterial lattice, inhibit the germination of disease spores.

3. Flower and fruit management

According to the quality and quantity of flower buds before flowering after budding can be carried out a pre-flowering pruning; ready pollinating insects (bees, wall bees), pollen and pollinator, fruit thinning tools or thinning removing agents, fruit bags, etc., when appropriate for flower thinning and artificial pollination, fruit bagging and other work; flowering season when the spraying of 0.2% to 0.3% of borax to promote fruit set and fruit development.　　　　

4. Disaster prevention and mitigation

4.1  Refurbishment and reinforcement of field facilities.

The use of field farming relatively less idle, dredging drainage ditches, organize the tree plate, reinforcing field facilities.

4.2  To prevent the spring cold.

Pay close attention to the weather forecasts of the meteorological department and special weather forecasts and warnings, and follow up the corresponding preventive measures in a timely manner: First, delayed flowering. Fruit tree budding to blossom about a week before watering once, can play a role in reducing ground temperature, delayed flowering; early spring on the trunk, the main branches of the white, can also be achieved to slow down the rise in temperature of the tree, to delay the flower blossom period of the purpose. Second, enhance the tree cold resistance. In the frost before the advent of 2 to 3 days, the orchard for continuous water spraying, or spray cloth 0.3% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, etc., by increasing the concentration of cellular fluid to enhance the ability to resist freezing. Third, according to climate change, appropriate postponement of fruit thinning time or increase the amount of fruit retention. Fourth, orchard fumigation. Before the arrival of cold air, the use of sawdust, wheat chaff, chopped straw and other interactive piles for fuel, the smoke can increase the environmental heat, but also reduce radiation cooling, improve the orchard temperature. Fourth, the installation of frost machine. By accelerating air flow, to prevent cold air condensation, to achieve the effect of preventing frost. Fifth, do a good job of remedial work after the occurrence of spring cold. A small amount of water-soluble fertilizer can be applied and watered to restore the tree's strength. Open late flowers, timely artificial pollination, improve the fruiting rate. The cold affects the development of young fruits, and the deformed fruits can be removed in time.

To prevent spring cold, we recommend the combination of seaweed extract and fish protein.

Seaweed extract can play an active role in the field of plant growth regulation and inducing anti-disease and anti-retroviral resistance to enhance the cold resistance of plants, with a high content of active ingredients needed for plant growth and development.

Fish protein can provide nutrition to the crop in a comprehensive and balanced way, stimulate and enhance the plant's own immune function.

For post-freeze repair, we recommend the combination of Fucoidan + Fish Protein.

Fucoidan can improve the ability of resistance, quickly alleviate the phenomenon of freezing and seedling stiffness, and has obvious effect on the healing of crops after injury; fish protein can stimulate the cell division of the root system, accelerate the growth rate of the cells, enhance the growth of the crop, prevent premature senescence, and promote the flower and prevent the fruit from dropping.

3. Pest prevention and control.

Before germination, the whole orchard sprayed with 3-5 pomace degrees of thiosulfate once, to eradicate overwintering fungal sources and insect eggs, and reduce the base number of orchard pests and diseases. According to the weather changes, monitor the occurrence of various types of pests and diseases, and timely adopt biological, physical, chemical and other methods to prevent or mitigate pests and diseases.

To prevent pests and diseases, chitosan can be used together with anti-insect drugs.

Chitosan, in the field of agriculture, can be used as crop immune inducer, plant vaccine, biostimulant, which can induce plant disease resistance, immunize and kill many kinds of fungi, bacteria and viruses, and improve the fertilizing effect of pesticides.